Porovnáni soustav veřejného osvětleníi se sodíkovými výbojkami a LED diodami – Část desátá
Stmívání
Využití osvětlovací soustavy veřejného osvětlení je v průběhu jejího nočního provozu nerovnoměrné. Nejvíce je využívána po setmění a v brzkých ranních hodinách. Z tohoto důvodu je logické, že v době velmi malého provozu uprostřed noci by mohly být hladiny osvětleností na komunikacích nižší. Tento princip, označovaný také jako „adaptivní osvětlení“, se již objevuje v rámci mezinárodních doporučení (CIE) a předpokládá se, že bude zaveden do stávajících norem pro veřejné osvětlení. Nicméně i stávající normy připouštějí snížení hladiny osvětlení v době nižší intenzity provozu.
Toto snížení lze principiálně dosáhnout dvěma způsoby:
– vypínáním části svítidel osvětlovací soustavy
(například každé druhé);
– regulací světelného toku svítidel (plynulá, skoková).
První způsob snížení hladiny osvětlenosti není ve veřejném osvětlení vhodný, neboť se tím narušují základní požadované parametry, zejména rovnoměrnost osvětlení, a z pohledu dopravy vznikají potenciálně velmi nebezpečné situace (střídaní tmavých a světlých míst na povrchu komunikace). Druhý způsob snížení hladiny osvětlenosti spočívá v regulaci světelného toku jednotlivých svítidel. V případě vysokotlakých sodíkových výbojek se používá amplitudová nebo fázová regulace vstupního napětí. Regulovat lze pouze v omezeném rozsahu, který je ale pro veřejné osvětlení zpravidla dostačující. V praxi se používají nejčastěji centrální regulátory snižující napětí nebo speciální předřadné přístroje.
Světelné diody lze stmívat v celém rozsahu světelného toku. V porovnání se svítidly pro vysokotlaké sodíkové výbojky je stmívání jednodušší a relativně levnější, jelikož tato funkce je již součástí elektronického předřadníku nebo součástí modulu, který lze do svítidla snadno integrovat. Rovněž případné komunikační funkce obvykle nejsou u LED svítidel další finanční a technickou zátěží.
zdroj: SEVn, Středisko pro efektivní využívání energie
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